Penetapan Selat Lombok Sebagai Particulary Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) Dalam Kerangka Perlindungan Ekosistem Laut Indonesia
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Published
Aug 4, 2025
Abstract
Indonesia, as an archipelagic country, has a vast maritime area, making it a significant route for international shipping. One of the essential regulations in managing Indonesia's waters is the establishment of the Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lanes (ALKI), aimed at regulating foreign ship passage rights. This study focuses on Indonesia's efforts to designate the Lombok Strait as a Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) to protect the marine ecosystem and biodiversity in the region. The research employs a normative legal research method with a statute-based approach, analyzing both national and international regulations related to marine protection, such as UNCLOS, MARPOL, and SOLAS. The study's findings indicate that the PSSA designation in the Lombok Strait aims not only to preserve the environment but also to support the economic sustainability dependent on the region, such as tourism and fisheries. Additionally, the challenges in implementing this policy include coordination among countries and compliance with existing international regulations
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How to Cite
Atalo, R. F. (2025) “Penetapan Selat Lombok Sebagai Particulary Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) Dalam Kerangka Perlindungan Ekosistem Laut Indonesia”, Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 7(6), pp. 4094-4105. doi: 10.38035/rrj.v7i6.1718.
References
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Aprilia, D. A. N., & Rustam, I. (2021). Diplomasi Pemerintah Indonesia untuk Mengajukan Status Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) sebagai Upaya Perlindungan Lingkungan Laut Di Selat Lombok. Jurnal Ilmu hubungan Internasional, 1(1), 171–185.
Badan Informasi Geospasial. (2024, December 13). Pulau Indonesia Bertambah Jadi 17.380, Mengapa Angkanya Berubah Setiap Tahun? Badan Informasi Geospasial. https://sipulau.big.go.id/news/11
Blanco-Bazfin, A. (1996). The IMO Guidelines on Particular Sensitive Area (PSSAs): Their Possible application to the protection of underwater culture heritage. Marine Policy, 20(4), 343–349.
Crum, C. M. (2017). Following Intellectual Genealogies: The Construction of Mare Liberum and Mare Clausum, 1603-1652 [The Faculty of the Department of History Bates College]. http://scarab.bates.edu/honorstheses/200
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Kim, S. Y. (2021). Problems and Processes of Restricting Navigation in Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 36(3), 438–463. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10062
KKC. (2021). United State Vs. Diana Wilhelmsen Management Limited. Cases under the Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships (APPs). https://kkc.com/laws-statutes-and-regulations-2/cases-under-the-act-to-prevent-pollution-from-ships-apps/?utm_source#00ac706aec9c6458d
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MPA Singapura. (2022). Violations of MARPOL. https://www.mpa.gov.sg/staticfile/Cwp/assets/SRS/Issue24/case-studies/violations-of-MARPOL.html?utm_source
Myrto Kalouptsidi. (2021, June 9). The Role of Shipping in World Trade. https://econofact.org/the-role-of-shipping-in-world-trade
Octavian, A., Trismadi, & Lestari, P. (2020). The Importance of Establishing Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas in Lombok Strait: Maritime Security Perspective. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 557(1), 012013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/557/1/012013
Partene, G. C., Florin, N., Simon, D. I., & Cotorcea, A. (2023). Importance of the maritime industry, evolution and statistics. Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy, XXVI(1), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.21279/1454-864X-23-I1-016
Portal Informasi Indonesia. (2023, July 26). Menyiapkan Tata Kelola Laut Berkelanjutan. https://indonesia.go.id/kategori/ragam-ais-forum-2023/7295/menyiapkan-tata-kelola-laut-berkelanjutan?lang=1
REVISED GUIDELINES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND DESIGNATION OF PARTICULARLY SENSITIVE SEA AREAS, Pub. L. No. A 24/RES.982 (2006). https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509955572
Rustam, I. (2016). Tantangan ALKI dalam Mewujudkan Cita‐cita Indonesia sebagai Poros Maritim Dunia. Indonesian Perspective, 1(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.14710/ip.v1i1.10426
Studwell, A., Hines, E., Nur, N., & Jahncke, J. (2021). Using habitat risk assessment to assess disturbance from maritime activities to inform seabird conservation in a coastal marine ecosystem. Ocean & Coastal Management, 199, 105431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105431
Wahyudin, Y., & Adrianto, L. (2012). Analisis Ekonomi Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan Selat Lombok. PKSPL-IPB Working Paper, 3(1), 44. htttpps::///ssssrrnn..ccoomm//aabbssttrraacctt==22116666118877
Wan, S., Yang, X., Chen, X., Qu, Z., An, C., Zhang, B., Lee, K., & Bi, H. (2022). Emerging marine pollution from container ship accidents: Risk characteristics, response strategies, and regulation advancements. Journal of Cleaner Production, 376, 134266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134266
Yustitianingtyas, L. (2015). Pengamanan dan Penengakan Hukum di Perairan Indonesia sebagai Konsekuensi Penetapan Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI). Pandecta: Research Law Journal, 10(2), 143. https://doi.org/10.15294/pandecta.v10i2.4949
Alamsyah, H. K., Ariadno, M. K., Arsegianto, & Simanjuntak, S. W. (2022). Strategi Pengelolaan Lingkungan Laut Terhadap Aktivitas Hak Lintas Alur Kepulauan (ALKI) di Perairan Selat Lombok. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan, 12(1), 45–54.
Aprilia, D. A. N., & Rustam, I. (2021). Diplomasi Pemerintah Indonesia untuk Mengajukan Status Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (PSSA) sebagai Upaya Perlindungan Lingkungan Laut Di Selat Lombok. Jurnal Ilmu hubungan Internasional, 1(1), 171–185.
Badan Informasi Geospasial. (2024, December 13). Pulau Indonesia Bertambah Jadi 17.380, Mengapa Angkanya Berubah Setiap Tahun? Badan Informasi Geospasial. https://sipulau.big.go.id/news/11
Blanco-Bazfin, A. (1996). The IMO Guidelines on Particular Sensitive Area (PSSAs): Their Possible application to the protection of underwater culture heritage. Marine Policy, 20(4), 343–349.
Crum, C. M. (2017). Following Intellectual Genealogies: The Construction of Mare Liberum and Mare Clausum, 1603-1652 [The Faculty of the Department of History Bates College]. http://scarab.bates.edu/honorstheses/200
Deputi Bidang Koordinasi Kedaulatan Maritim dan Energi. (2020). Laporan Kerja Deputi bidang Kordinasi Kedaulatan Bidang Maritim dan energi. Kordinator Kementrian Maritim dan Energi.
Direktoral Jendral Perhubungan Laut. (2024, October 2). IMO Setujui Penetapan Pulau Nusa Penida dan Gili Matra di Selat Lombok Sebagai PSSA. Direktoral Jendral Perhubungan Laut. https://hubla.dephub.go.id/home/post/read/23240/imo-setujui-penetapan-pulau-nusa-penida-dan-gili-matra-di-selat-lombok-sebagai-pssa
Erbe, C., Marley, S. A., Schoeman, R. P., Smith, J. N., Trigg, L. E., & Embling, C. B. (2019). The Effects of Ship Noise on Marine Mammals—A Review. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 606. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00606
Florea, D., & Gales, N. (2020). Affirming the Principle of Good Neighborliness in International Relations. Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty: Law, 8(2), 01–10. https://doi.org/10.18662/lumenlaw/8.2/40
Hersutanto, B. (2009). Makna negara kepulauan. Bakorkamla.
Höfer, T., & Mez, L. (2008). United Nations’ Regulatory Policy under Changing Advocacy Coalitions: The Case of The Maritime Transport of Renewable Primary Products. The Journal of Transdisciplinary Environmental Studies, 7(1), 1–17.
IMO. (1980). International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974. https://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/Pages/International-Convention-for-the-Safety-of-Life-at-Sea-(SOLAS),-1974.aspx
IMO-NORAD. (2013). THE IMO-NORAD EAST ASIA PROJECT, 2013-2016 Building capacity to implement IMO environment protection conventions [Online post]. IMO-NORAD. https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/OurWork/PartnershipsProjects/Documents/IMO_NORAD%20V10.pdf
Indonesia Government submission. (2017). IDENTIFICATION AND PROTECTION OF SPECIAL AREAS AND PSSAs Protection of the Lombok Strait including Gili Islands and Nusa Penida Islands (No. MEPC 71/INF.39; pp. 1–5). International Maritime Organization (IMO).
International Maritime Organization. (2024). Designation of The Nusa Penida Islands and Gili Matra Islands in Lombok Strait As A Particularly Sensitive Sea Area (No. RESOLUTION MEPC.396(82). https://www.register-iri.com/wp-content/uploads/MEPC.39682.pdf
Kachel, M. J. (2008). Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78779-2
Kim, S. Y. (2021). Problems and Processes of Restricting Navigation in Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas. The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 36(3), 438–463. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718085-bja10062
KKC. (2021). United State Vs. Diana Wilhelmsen Management Limited. Cases under the Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships (APPs). https://kkc.com/laws-statutes-and-regulations-2/cases-under-the-act-to-prevent-pollution-from-ships-apps/?utm_source#00ac706aec9c6458d
Lianvisman. (2025, February 12). List of IMO Conventions. https://lianvisman.com/en/list-of-imo-conventions/
Mimbar Maritim. (2020, August 5). Pushidrosal Sosialisasi Traffic Separation Sheme (TSS) Di Perairan ALKI II Selat Lombok. Mimbar Maritim. mimbarmaritim.com/2020/08/05/pushidrosal-sosialisasi-traffic-separation-sheme-tss-di-perairan-alki-ii-selat-lombok/#:~:text=Panglima%
MPA Singapura. (2022). Violations of MARPOL. https://www.mpa.gov.sg/staticfile/Cwp/assets/SRS/Issue24/case-studies/violations-of-MARPOL.html?utm_source
Myrto Kalouptsidi. (2021, June 9). The Role of Shipping in World Trade. https://econofact.org/the-role-of-shipping-in-world-trade
Octavian, A., Trismadi, & Lestari, P. (2020). The Importance of Establishing Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas in Lombok Strait: Maritime Security Perspective. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 557(1), 012013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/557/1/012013
Partene, G. C., Florin, N., Simon, D. I., & Cotorcea, A. (2023). Importance of the maritime industry, evolution and statistics. Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy, XXVI(1), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.21279/1454-864X-23-I1-016
Portal Informasi Indonesia. (2023, July 26). Menyiapkan Tata Kelola Laut Berkelanjutan. https://indonesia.go.id/kategori/ragam-ais-forum-2023/7295/menyiapkan-tata-kelola-laut-berkelanjutan?lang=1
REVISED GUIDELINES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION AND DESIGNATION OF PARTICULARLY SENSITIVE SEA AREAS, Pub. L. No. A 24/RES.982 (2006). https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509955572
Rustam, I. (2016). Tantangan ALKI dalam Mewujudkan Cita‐cita Indonesia sebagai Poros Maritim Dunia. Indonesian Perspective, 1(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.14710/ip.v1i1.10426
Studwell, A., Hines, E., Nur, N., & Jahncke, J. (2021). Using habitat risk assessment to assess disturbance from maritime activities to inform seabird conservation in a coastal marine ecosystem. Ocean & Coastal Management, 199, 105431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105431
Wahyudin, Y., & Adrianto, L. (2012). Analisis Ekonomi Sumber Daya Alam dan Lingkungan Selat Lombok. PKSPL-IPB Working Paper, 3(1), 44. htttpps::///ssssrrnn..ccoomm//aabbssttrraacctt==22116666118877
Wan, S., Yang, X., Chen, X., Qu, Z., An, C., Zhang, B., Lee, K., & Bi, H. (2022). Emerging marine pollution from container ship accidents: Risk characteristics, response strategies, and regulation advancements. Journal of Cleaner Production, 376, 134266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134266
Yustitianingtyas, L. (2015). Pengamanan dan Penengakan Hukum di Perairan Indonesia sebagai Konsekuensi Penetapan Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI). Pandecta: Research Law Journal, 10(2), 143. https://doi.org/10.15294/pandecta.v10i2.4949