Analisis Faktor Human Error terhadap Peluang Terjadinya Kecelakaan pada Pengemudi Bus Menggunakan Pendekatan Human Factors Analysis and Classification System
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Published
Jul 3, 2026
Abstract
Bus accidents remain one of the major road transportation safety issues in Indonesia, with human factors being the dominant cause of traffic accidents. Antar Kota Antar Provinsi (AKAP) and Antar Kota Dalam Provinsi (AKDP) bus drivers face various operational conditions that may lead to human error and increase the risk of accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the human error factors that contribute to accidents to support efforts to improve bus transportation safety. This study aims to identify human error factors based on the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) framework and to analyze the influence of these factors on the likelihood of accidents among bus drivers. This study employed a quantitative approach involving 85 AKAP and AKDP bus drivers at Tirtonadi Terminal. Data was collected using an HFACS-based questionnaire covering four levels: Unsafe Acts, Preconditions for Unsafe Acts, Unsafe Supervision, and Organizational Influences. Construct validity was assessed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), reliability was tested using Cronbach’s Alpha, and the influence of the factors was analyzed using binary logistic regression. The EFA results showed that the research instrument formed four factors consistent with the HFACS framework, with 18 items meeting the validity and reliability criteria. The logistic regression results indicated that the Unsafe Acts factor had a significant effect on bus drivers’ accident history (p = 0.025), whereas the Preconditions for Unsafe Acts, Unsafe Supervision, and Organizational Influences factors did not have a significant effect. These findings suggest that factors related to drivers’ actions and behaviors while driving contribute the most to accident risk. The results of this study are expected to serve as a basis for bus operators and regulators in developing strategies to improve bus operational safety.
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Hak Cipta :
Penulis yang mempublikasikan manuskripnya di jurnal ini menyetujui ketentuan berikut:
- Hak cipta pada setiap artikel adalah milik penulis.
- Penulis mengakui bahwa Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development berhak menjadi yang pertama menerbitkan dengan lisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (Attribution 4.0 International CC BY 4.0) .
- Penulis dapat mengirimkan artikel secara terpisah, mengatur distribusi non-eksklusif manuskrip yang telah diterbitkan dalam jurnal ini ke versi lain (misalnya, dikirim ke repositori institusi penulis, publikasi ke dalam buku, dll.), dengan mengakui bahwa manuskrip telah diterbitkan pertama kali di Ranah Research.
References
Apriani, Dahlia Dewi, Erika Buchari, and Edi Kadarsa. 2020. “Safety Evaluation of River Transportation in Palembang.” International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research 9(4): 828–33.
Clapp, Joshua D et al. 2012. “The Driving Behavior Survey : Scale Construction and Validation.” 25(1): 96–105.
Ditjen, Hubdat. 2023. “Jelang Angkutan Nataru Ditjen Hubdat Ramp Check Bus AKAP Dan Pariwisata.” hubdat dephub. https://hubdat.dephub.go.id/id/publikasi/jelang-angkutan-nataru-ditjen-hubdat-ramp-check-bus-akap-dan-pariwisata/?utm_source=chatgpt.com.
Halim, Winda, and Cristy Caroline. 2023. “Identifikasi Perilaku Berkendara Mahasiswa Kota Bandung Menggunakan Driver Behaviour Questionnaire ( DBQ ).” 20(April): 76–92.
Han, Wanli, and Jianyou Zhao. 2020. “Driver Behaviour and Traffic Accident Involvement among Professional Urban Bus Drivers in China.” Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 74: 184–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2020.08.007.
Hariadi, David, Hesti Wulan, and Sonya Claudia Siwu. 2023. “Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 Tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 Tentang Cipta Kerja.” Jurnal Hukum to-ra : Hukum Untuk Mengatur dan Melindungi Masyarakat 9(3): 428–47.
ISO 2631-1. 1997. “Mechanical Vibration and Shock - Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole Body Vibration.”
ISO 9612. 2009. 2009 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO Occupational Noise Exposure — ITeh STANDARD PREVIEW ITeh STANDARD PREVIEW.
Kementrian Perhubungan Republik Indonesia. 2009. “Tekan Angka Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas, Kemenhub Ajak Masyarakat Beralih Ke Transportasi Umum Dan Utamakan Keselamatan Berkendara.” Kementrian Perhubungan Republik Indonesia. https://dephub.go.id/post/read/tekan-angka-kecelakaan-lalu-lintas,-kemenhub-ajak-masyarakat-beralih-ke-transportasi-umum-dan-utamakan-keselamatan-berkendara#:~:text=Dari catatan Korlantas Polri juga dijelaskan penyebab dari,dan 30%25 disebabkan oleh fakt (October 9, 2024).
Komite Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi. 2024. “Laporan Dan Informasi Statistik LLAJ.” Komite Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi Republik Indonesia. https://knkt.go.id/statistik (October 9, 2024).
Lasulika, Fatmawati, Herlina Jusuf, and Putri Ayuningtias Mahdang. 2025. “Hubungan Lama Kerja , Kualitas Tidur Dan Beban Kerja Dengan Work Fatigue Mengunakan Metode Fatigue Assesment Scale ( FAS ) Pada Pengemudi Bus Antar Kota Antar Provinsi ( Akap ) Di Terminal Tipe A Dungingi The Relationship Between Length of Work , Sleep Quality and Workload with Work Fatigue Using the Fatigue Assessment Scale ( FAS ) Method on Intercity and Interprovincial Bus Drivers ( AKAP ) at the Dungingi Type A Terminal.” 8(9): 6014–22.
Liu, Jing et al. 2021. “Drivers ’ Risk Perception and Risky Driving Behavior under Low Illumination Conditions : Modified Driver Behavior Questionnaire ( DBQ ) and Driver Skill Inventory ( DSI ).” 2021.
Perhubungan, Kementrian. 2024. Tekan Risiko Fatalitas Kecelakaan, Kemenhub Gelar Sosialisasi Peraturan Angkutan Orang Berkeselamatan. Jakarta. https://hubdat.dephub.go.id/id/publikasi/tekan-risiko-fatalitas-kecelakaan-kemenhub-gelar-sosialisasi-peraturan-angkutan-orang-berkeselamatan/.
Puriningsih, Feronika Sekar et al. 2023. “Peningkatan Keselamatan Bus Penumpang Dengan Metode Human Factor Analysis and Classification System ( HFACS ).” Jurnal Penelitian Transportasi Darat 25(1): 61–73.
Putri, Adelina Adinda, Julia Titaley, and Deiby Tineke Salaki. 2022. “Model Regresi Logistik Biner Kecenderungan Gejala Maag Pada Mahasiswa Jurusan Matematika FMIPA UNSRAT.” Jurnal Matematika dan Aplikasi 11: 43.
Rahmadani, Firsta Vian, Bayu Yoni, and Setyo Nugroho. 2026. “Hubungan Jam Mengemudi , Tekanan Darah , Dan Agresivitas Mengemudi Terhadap Kelelahan Pada Pengemudi Bus AKDP : Studi Cross-Sectional.” 13(1): 1–14.
Shappell, Scott, and Douglas A Wiegmann. 2014. “The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System – HFACS.” (January 2000).
Sova, Erma, Jonathan Alexander Siahaan, Nanda Dhiarifqi Harahap, and Hiddarrahman Assidqie. 2026. “Studi Komprehensif Faktor Manusia, Kendaraan, Jalan, Dan Lingkungan Terhadap Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Indonesia (2018–2023).” Jurnal Teknologi dan Informasi 5(100).
WHO. 2018. Global Status Report on Road Safety.
Widhiastuti, Hardani, Gusti Yuliasih, and Yudi. 2021. Terapan Perilaku Keselamatan Di Dunia Industri.