Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development

Kesenjangan Pengaturan Perlindungan Konsumen dalam Transaksi Aset Kripto melalui Platform Tidak Terdaftar di Indonesia

2026-07-27T03:21:53+00:00

The development of the digital economy has driven the increasing use of crypto assets as an investment instrument in Indonesia, yet this has been accompanied by a surge in transactions through unregistered platforms or exchangers, giving rise to consumer protection issues. The digital, decentralized, and cross-border (borderless) nature of such transactions makes legal oversight difficult. This study analyzes consumer protection, business actor liability, and dispute resolution mechanisms in crypto asset transactions conducted through unregistered platforms, using a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches based on library research. The findings indicate that existing regulations have not fully accommodated the characteristics of such transactions; data from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) as of June 2026 recorded that only around 29% (IDR 196.93 billion) of the IDR 674.1 billion in secured victim funds from digital fraud had been returned, reflecting weaknesses in the loss-recovery mechanism. Business actors are obligated to provide compensation when losses arise from errors or negligence in their systems, while disputes may be resolved through internal complaints, OJK, the Financial Services Sector Alternative Dispute Resolution Institution (LAPS SJK), the Consumer Dispute Resolution Body (BPSK), and litigation as a last resort. Strengthening and harmonizing regulations, along with enhanced supervision, are needed to achieve legal certainty and effective consumer protection in crypto asset transactions in Indonesia.

Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tiga Varietas Bawang Merah yang Dipengaruhi oleh Berbagai Dosis Pupuk K₂SO₄ pada Budidaya Terapung Rakit Botol

2026-07-23T06:41:12+00:00

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are one of the horticultural commodities grown using a floating agriculture system. This study aims to determine the growth and yield of various shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) varieties influenced by the application of K₂SO₄ fertilizer in floating cultivation. The research was conducted at the research pond of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. This study used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) as the environmental design, consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was K₂SO₄ fertilizer, which included 4 levels: P0 (Control), P1 (60 kg/ha), P2 (90 kg/ha), P3 (120 kg/ha). The second factor was the variety of red onion plants, which included 3 levels: V1 (Bauji Variety), V2 (Bima Brebes Variety), V3 (Tajuk Variety). The red onion varieties significantly affected plant height at 8 weeks after planting (WAP) and had a very significant effect on chlorophyll content. The K₂SO₄ fertilizer dose had a very significant effect on chlorophyll content. The P2 dose or 90 kg ha⁻¹ produced the highest chlorophyll content compared to other doses. The interaction between varieties and K₂SO₄ doses had a very significant effect on chlorophyll content. However, this interaction did not significantly affect plant height, leaf number, SPAD, tiller number, and all tuber yield components. Numerically, the P2 dose or 90 kg ha⁻¹ K₂SO₄ showed the best tendency for leaf number, chlorophyll content, tiller number, and tuber dry weight. This dose increases the dry weight of the tubers by about 93.5% compared to the control.

Pertumbuhan, Hasil dan Kandungan Flavonoid Tiga Varietas Bawang Merah yang Dipengaruhi oleh Berbagai Dosis Pupuk K₂SO₄ pada Budidaya Terapung Rakit Bambu

2026-07-21T21:09:57+00:00

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) are one of the horticultural commodities that are widely consumed and contain several active chemical compounds that function as antioxidants such as flavonoids. This study aims to determine the growth and yield of various varieties of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) which are affected by the application of K₂SO₄ fertilizer in floating cultivation. The study was conducted at the research reservoir of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University located in South Indralaya District, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra Province. The method used in this study is a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RAKF) consisting of 2 factors, the first factor is the K₂SO₄ fertilizer factor consisting of 4 levels, namely: P₀ (Control), P₁ (30 kg/ha), P₂ (60 kg/ha), P₃ (90 kg/ha) and the second factor is the shallot plant variety factor consisting of 3 levels, namely: A₁ (Bauji Variety), A₂ (Bima Brebes Variety), A₃ (Tajuk Variety). The parameters observed include: leaf length, leaf greenness, number of tillers and tuber dry weight. Application of K₂SO₄ fertilizer affects leaf length at 2 WAP, leaf greenness from 5 WAP to 7 WAP with the optimal dose of 90 kg/ha and the Bima Brebes variety produces the best variable in the number of tillers of 5.39 clumps, the Bauji variety produces the best tuber dry weight of 20.40 g/plant and the Tajuk variety produces the best variable in the number of leaves 20.21 strands, leaf length 41.45 cm, SPAD value of leaf greenness 45.62 and Flavonoid content 2.81 mg/L.

Pertumbuhan Berbagai Varietas Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum L.) dengan Media Tanam pada Dataran Rendah Secara Terapung

2026-07-23T06:41:11+00:00

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the horticultural commodities grown using a floating agriculture system. This study aims to determine the effect of variety and growing media on the growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in a floating cultivation system. The research was conducted in Pelabuhan Dalam Village, Pemulutan District, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra. The method used is a Factorial Randomized Block Design consisting of two treatment factors. The first factor is the variety, consisting of K1 (Tawangmangu), K2 (Lumbu putih), K3 (Lumbuh hijau). The second factor is the growing medium, consisting of M1 = Soil: Manure: Burned Rice Husk (2:1:1), M2 = Soil: Manure: Cocopeat (2:1:1). The research results show that the variety has a significant effect on most growth and yield parameters, while the growing media does not have a significant effect on all parameters. Variety K2 (Lumbu Putih) provided the best growth and yield, as indicated by the fresh tuber weight, dry tuber weight, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf weight, and number of tubers. The interaction between variety and growing media did not show a significant effect on all parameters. Nevertheless, the combination of K2M1 (Lumbu Putih + burned rice husk) tends to produce the best growth and yield with fresh tuber weight, dry tuber weight, and number of tubers. Based on the research results, the Lumbu Putih (K2) variety with burned rice husk (M1) as the growing medium has the potential to be developed in a floating cultivation system.

Inovasi Kelembagaan Musyawarah Dusun sebagai Katalis Partisipasi Substantif: Pelajaran dari Desa Bulumeduro dan Desa Bulujowo, Kecamatan Bancar, Kabupaten Tuban

2026-07-23T06:41:09+00:00

This study examines institutional innovation through the Hamlet Deliberation Forum (Musyawarah Dusun/Musdus) as a mechanism for improving the quality of community participation in village development planning meetings (Musrenbangdes). Using a qualitative comparative case study approach in Bulumeduro Village (implementing Musdus; ±1,164 inhabitants) and Bulujowo Village (without Musdus; ±5,253 inhabitants) in Bancar District, Tuban Regency, this study analyzes how institutional forum design influences inclusiveness, the quality of deliberation, and the influence of participation on policy. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 20 key informants, observations of Musdes/Musrenbangdes forums, and document analysis of the Village Government Work Plan (RKPDes), meeting minutes, official records, and attendance lists. The findings show that Musdus in Bulumeduro simultaneously increased neighborhood-unit (RT) representation (from 13% to 50%), shifted communication patterns from one-way communication to two-way deliberation, and established a feedback mechanism that created a self-reinforcing cycle of trust. Comparison with Bulujowo, which applies a single-forum model, reveals a three-level difference in participation typology (Pretty: Consultative vs. Interactive Participation) and a two-rung difference on Arnstein's Ladder of Citizen Participation (Consultation vs. Partnership). This study contributes to the literature on participatory institutional design by demonstrating that improvements in participation quality can begin with local institutional innovation without waiting for changes in national regulations, and that differences in population size create the need for structurally different forum designs.

Potensi Ekonomi dalam Pengelolaan Persampahan Berkelanjutan Kota Surabaya

2026-07-23T06:41:07+00:00

Waste management remains a critical challenge for many nations. The continuous increase in waste generation not only diminishes public space and disrupts human activities but also degrades the overall quality of life. Conversely, effectively managed waste can yield significant benefits. One of the primary frameworks in sustainable waste management is the Circular Economy a model that integrates economic systems with long-term environmental sustainability. This study, titled "Economic Potential in Sustainable Waste Management of Surabaya City," examines waste management in Surabaya, focusing specifically on solid waste sourced from Temporary Waste Collection Sites (TPS) and 3R Waste Treatment Facilities (TPS3R) across the city. Despite having 189 TPS locations scattered throughout the city, Surabaya still faces constraints regarding waste reduction. A literature review method was utilized and combined with data from the Environmental Agency of Surabaya City to formulate more effective waste management recommendations for Surabaya. By integrating Circular Economy principles, this research aims to quantify the economic potential of waste reduction in Surabaya. Surabaya generates approximately 1,800 tons of waste daily. Given that the Benowo Waste-to-Energy Plant (PLTSa) can only process 1,000 tons per day, a residual 800 tons of waste accumulates at the Benowo Landfill (TPA). Furthermore, while the national waste reduction target is set at 20% and Surabaya targeted 28% for the year 2022, the city has only achieved a reduction rate of 7.43%. This gap underscores the urgent need for a Circular Economy strategy or the leverage of economic potential from waste reduction to accelerate waste minimization. The analytical methods employed include Mass Balance Analysis to provide a comprehensive overview of waste processing and to calculate the volume of waste reduction and Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is utilized to measure and evaluate the economic potential and management of solid waste in Surabaya City. The results indicate that waste reduction can decrease waste management costs by 69%. The solid waste management cost before reduction is Rp 579,908,460/day, which significantly drops to Rp 180,098,802/day after implementation. By identifying the value of this waste reduction potential, it is expected that efforts to realize and optimize waste reduction in Surabaya City can be maximized

Pengembangan Kreativitas Anak Usia Dini melalui Pembelajaran Seni Tari Kreasi di KB Harapan Sambiwayang 1

2026-07-29T20:14:23+00:00

This study aims to describe the process of developing early childhood creativity through learning the art of creative dance at KB Harapan Sambiwayang 1. Creativity development is an effort to improve children's ability to express themselves, explore movement, and develop creative and critical thinking. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with a subject of 15 children in one class. Data collection techniques include participant observation, interviews with educators, and documentation of the learning process. The research results show that the learning of creative dance focuses on the stages of movement exploration, motion improvisation, and the formation of simple movements is effective in stimulating wiraga, wirama, and wirasa. Educators act as facilitators who provide stimulation through music and daily themes related to the surrounding environment.

Pengaruh Naungan pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.) dalam Budidaya Terapung di Ekosistem Rawa

2026-07-30T06:36:47+00:00

Domestic garlic demand in Indonesia is still not met by production, especially since garlic is usually only grown in the highlands. This study was conducted to determine the growth and yield of three garlic varieties (Lumbu Kuning, Super Putih, and Sanur) in conditions without shade and with 50% shade using a floating cultivation system in tropical swamp ecosystems. The results showed that the growth and yield of garlic plants that grew without shade were much higher than plants grown under 50% shade. The percentage of germination in Lumbu Kuning without shade is 94%, but shade lowers the percentage to 78%. Significant reductions in vegetative growth parameters such as leaf count, leaf length, pseudo-stem length, and stem diameter were observed as a result of shade treatment. However, the shadow had no significant effect on the weight of fresh and dried roots. Of the varieties tested, floating cultivation conditions are the most favorable for Yellow Lumbu in terms of adaptability and productivity. These results suggest that floating cultivation can support garlic production in tropical swamp ecosystems, while 50% shade is not recommended as it reduces tuber growth and yield.

Hambatan Multidimensi Penerimaan Publik terhadap Kendaraan Listrik di Kota Surabaya: Konsensus Ahli melalui Modified Delphi

2026-07-25T03:41:28+00:00

This study examines the multidimensional barriers to public acceptance of electric vehicles (EVs) in Surabaya City, Indonesia, focusing on the expert consensus reached through the Modified Delphi method. Despite ambitious national electrification targets, EV market penetration in Surabaya remains below 0.1 percent, indicating persistent structural obstacles across the economic, socio-cultural, technological, and regulatory dimensions. This research aims to identify and validate the barrier indicators that hinder public acceptance of private EVs by engaging a panel of 20 experts drawn from five stakeholder categories, namely government regulators, academics, practitioners, the private sector, and civil society, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through two rounds of structured Delphi questionnaires using a five-point Likert scale, with consensus determined by a mean score of at least 4.00, an interquartile range (IQR) of at most 1.00, and an agreement level of at least 70 to 75 percent. The first round produced consensus on 12 of 18 proposed indicators, while five sub-variables, namely financing institutions, cost complexity, social perception, charging-infrastructure availability, and national policy support, required refinement before reaching consensus in the second round. The final results confirm that all 18 indicators, grouped into four barrier dimensions, are relevant and valid for explaining the low rate of EV adoption in Surabaya. These findings demonstrate that the barriers to EV acceptance are inherently multidimensional and interrelated, requiring an integrated policy approach that combines affordability schemes, infrastructure expansion, regulatory clarity, and public trust-building rather than isolated interventions

Socio-Technical Modular Approach dalam In-Situ Slum Upgrading Kawasan Bantaran Sungai Kelurahan Sungai Baru, Kota Banjarmasin

2026-07-23T21:10:17+00:00

Riverbank settlements in urban areas are highly susceptible to environmental degradation and climate-induced hazards. In Banjarmasin, a city characterized by its extensive river network, the proliferation of high-density slum areas along riverbanks presents a significant urban environmental challenge. The Sungai Baru neighborhood demonstrates this complexity, where inadequate spatial planning, poor sanitation infrastructure, and physical vulnerability weaken the community’s resilience against hydrometeorological risks such as tidal flooding. This study aims to formulate comprehensive spatial upgrading strategies for the riverbank slum settlement in Sungai Baru to enhance urban environmental quality and spatial resilience. This Study employed a qualitative spatial approach, combining comprehensive field observations and qualitative assessments of the existing built environment to determine slum typologies and vulnerabilities. The analysis identified key priority zones requiring immediate spatial intervention based on ecological and infrastructural constraints. The proposed strategies comprise a spatial framework for slum upgrading, including the reorganization of residential layouts, revitalization of riverbank buffers, and integration of sustainable infrastructure. Ultimately, these spatial interventions are expected to mitigate environmental hazards and function as an adaptive mechanism that contributes to a sustainable and resilient urban environment in Banjarmasin.

Link and Match Policy Implementation through Field Work Practice in Vocational Education: A Van Meter and Van Horn Analysis at SMK Al Amanah, Bandung Regency

2026-07-25T03:41:25+00:00

This study examines the implementation of the Link and Match Program between the education and industrial sectors through Field Work Practice (Praktik Kerja Lapangan/PKL) at SMK Al Amanah, Bandung Regency. It is grounded in the gap between the goals of vocational education and actual conditions, since the labor force in Bandung Regency remains dominated by senior high school graduates, while the employment absorption rate of SMK Al Amanah graduates in the 2024–2025 academic year reached less than half of total graduates. The object of the research is the implementation of the Link and Match policy through PKL at SMK Al Amanah. This research aims to describe the implementation of the program and identify the obstacles faced by the school in carrying it out. The study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method, with informants selected through purposive sampling, including the principal, vice principal, PKL supervising teachers, industry partner representatives, and students. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and participatory observation, analyzed using an interactive model of data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing, with validity examined through triangulation. The analysis was guided by Van Meter and Van Horn's policy implementation theory. Findings indicate that the policy implementation has been running but is not yet optimal, marked by a low graduate absorption rate, limited practical facilities, and insufficiently effective communication between the school and industry partners. The study concludes that the program's success requires strengthening human resources, improving learning facilities, and fostering sustainable cooperation between the school and the industrial world.

Analisis Pengaruh Fixed Carbon terhadap Kehilangan Massa Batubara pada Tambang Air Laya Menggunakan Model Tungku Pembakaran Sederhana di PT Bukit Asam Tbk

2026-07-25T03:41:24+00:00

Coal storage in stockpiles is prone to spontaneous combustion, which can cause mass loss, declining energy quality, and potential fire hazards. This phenomenon not only poses occupational safety risks but also causes significant economic losses due to coal mass loss and reduced calorific value. This study used a quantitative descriptive method as an instrument to produce a systematic, evidence-based description of the coal spontaneous combustion phenomenon, and to evaluate the effect of fixed carbon on changes in coal mass before and after burning. The samples used had calorific values of ±4.200 Kcal/Kg, ±4.900 Kcal/Kg, ±5.300 Kcal/Kg, and ±7.100 Kcal/Kg, with kerosene used as an initial trigger in the combustion process, allowing the spontaneous combustion phenomenon to be simulated and observed under controlled conditions. The artificial spontaneous combustion process lasted 6 hours, with temperature measurements taken every 30 minutes. The results showed that coal with a low calorific value (±4.200 Kcal/Kg) had the lowest average fixed carbon content, at 39,86%, and this value increased progressively with increasing calorific value. The higher the proportion of fixed carbon in the coal composition, the lower the mass loss, a pattern systematically confirmed across the entire research dataset. Regular temperature monitoring should be routinely conducted on coal stockpiles, particularly during the first 90 minutes of storage, as this period exhibits the most significant temperature increase.

Analisis Kebutuhan dan Perancangan Sistem Informasi Evaluasi Risiko Psikososial Pekerja: Studi Kasus Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia

2026-07-25T03:41:22+00:00

The Ministry of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia has operated a psychosocial risk evaluation information system (V1) across 19 companies in six industrial sectors, yet a three-level evaluation covering interface assessment, source-code review, and stakeholder interviews revealed persistent gaps in data security, role differentiation, dynamic reporting, and interoperability with the national occupational safety and health ecosystem. This study aims to identify the functional and non-functional requirements needed to address these gaps and to develop a system design that supports integration with the national digital platform. An incremental development approach with a software-evolution entry point, situated within a design science research framework, was adopted. The study produced eleven change proposals, ten functional and eight non-functional requirements, and a design comprising a six-module architecture, twelve database tables, ten high-fidelity interfaces, seven API endpoints, and seventeen behavioral diagrams. Stakeholder validation confirmed the relevance of the design concepts and surfaced six substantive refinements for the next iteration. Thereby, contributing to the technical basis for national implementation of Ministerial Regulation No. 5 of 2018 on Occupational Safety and Health in the Work Environment, which mandates psychosocial factor monitoring across Indonesian companies.

Manajemen Kesan Melalui Penggunaan Avatar Roblox pada Ikatan Mahasiswa Muhammadiyah

2026-08-01T21:11:25+00:00

Roblox functions not only as a source of entertainment but also as a space for communication and impression management in digital environments. Although research on avatars in digital environments has continued to develop, studies examining impression management through Roblox avatars among members of student organizations with specific values and norms remain limited. This study aims to analyze impression management through the use of Roblox avatars among members of the Muhammadiyah Student Association (Ikatan Mahasiswa Muhammadiyah). This study employs a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving five members of the Muhammadiyah Student Association (IMM) from South Jakarta who were selected through purposive sampling. The data were then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing.

The findings indicate that, first, the intensity of gameplay and the use of paid digital representations show that IMM members engage in relatively high-intensity gaming, which may potentially lead to negative impacts, including decreased academic performance and physical and psychological health problems. Second, this study finds differences in impression management between the real-world and virtual environments. In the real world, Islamic values and norms remain important considerations in the presentation of self. In contrast, impression management in the virtual environment is more expressive and flexible, resulting in a disparity between the identities presented through Roblox avatars and the informants' actual identities as IMM members. Future research is expected to expand the research objects and number of informants, employ a longer research period, and examine other factors that influence impression management in virtual environments.

Analisis Pengetahuan, Sikap, Perilaku dan Kesadaran Lingkungan Masyarakat terhadap Pengolahan Sampah Berbasis 3R di Desa Kojadoi

2026-08-01T21:11:08+00:00

Waste management based on the principles of reduce, reuse, and recycle (3R) requires active community participation, beginning at the source of waste generation. This study aimed to analyze the levels of knowledge, attitudes, behavior, and environmental awareness among residents of Kojadoi Village regarding 3R-based waste management and to identify the main constraints affecting its implementation at the household level. The study employed a descriptive quantitative design. Data were collected from 100 respondents using a questionnaire measured on a five-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed using total scores, mean scores for each dimension, respondent classifications, item-level scores, and patterns identified from open-ended responses. The results showed an overall mean Likert score of 2.60, indicating a moderate level of 3R-based waste management. Among the respondents, 44% were classified in the low category, 46% in the moderate category, and 10% in the high category. Environmental awareness obtained the highest mean score of 2.746, followed by attitudes toward waste management at 2.698, waste management behavior at 2.482, and knowledge at 2.474. The lowest-scoring indicators were recycling behavior, with a mean score of 1.96; household separation of organic and inorganic waste, with a mean score of 2.16; and understanding of the 3R concept, with a mean score of 2.20. These findings indicate that the community has a moderate level of environmental awareness and relatively positive attitudes. However, these conditions have not been adequately supported by technical knowledge, appropriate facilities, and consistent household-level 3R practices. The main constraints include limited availability of separate waste bins, inadequate waste-processing equipment, insufficient technical knowledge, and weak recycling habits. Therefore, practical 3R education, the provision of separate waste bins, basic recycling training, and the establishment of village environmental cadres are recommended to strengthen community participation in sustainable waste management

Kontribusi yang Dipersepsikan dari Desain Biofilik terhadap Kualitas Hidup: Inversi Kontekstual Elemen Air dan Risiko pada Permukiman Padat Pesisir

2026-07-31T21:11:04+00:00

This article examines the perceived contribution of biophilic design elements to quality of life and the contextual inversion of water and risk in a high-density coastal settlement along MT Haryono Street, Pasuruan City. A descriptive-analytical approach was employed using a survey of 96 residents selected through cluster sampling. Fourteen biophilic design patterns were assessed through a five-point Likert scale across six perceived quality-of-life dimensions. The data were analysed using frequency distributions, mean scores, and contextual interpretation supported by field observations. Visual connection with nature obtained the highest mean score (4.66), followed by thermal and airflow variability (4.65) and dynamic and diffuse lighting (4.65). These findings indicate that residents most strongly value elements whose benefits are directly experienced through greenery, fresh air, thermal comfort, and natural light. Presence of water received a moderate score (3.52), but its meaning was ambivalent because water was also associated with stagnant water, inadequate drainage, unpleasant odours, and tidal flooding. Risk and peril received the lowest mean score (2.15), showing that risk was not perceived as a controlled and pleasurable spatial experience but as an environmental threat. The study concludes that biophilic design in dense coastal settlements must be selective and context-sensitive, prioritising functional and safe interventions rather than universally transferring biophilic patterns from formal urban settings.

Analisis Pengaruh Total Moisture terhadap Kehilangan Massa Batubara akibat Swabakar di Stockpile 1, Tambang Air Laya, PT Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk

2026-07-30T21:10:56+00:00

Spontaneous combustion can decrease the efficiency of the coal supply chain. One parameter affecting spontaneous combustion is total moisture. This research aims to improve coal handling efficiency and prevent losses caused by spontaneous combustion. This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a case study approach. The data used are proximate test data and spontaneous combustion simulation results from coal samples of 4,200 kcal/kg, 4,900 kcal/kg, 5,300 kcal/kg, and 7,100 kcal/kg. The analysis was conducted by comparing the relationship of total moisture to spontaneous combustion susceptibility and coal mass reduction, and providing technical recommendations for stockpile management. The results indicate a significant positive correlation between total moisture and the susceptibility level of coal to spontaneous combustion. Coal with high TM content (calorific value of 4,200 kcal/kg with an average TM of 36.64%) recorded the highest temperature of 725°C. Meanwhile, 7,100 kcal/kg coal with an average TM of 6.8% reached the lowest temperature of 547.6°C. The relationship between total moisture and coal mass loss is directly proportional, meaning higher total moisture results in greater coal mass lost to spontaneous combustion. Coal of 4,200 kcal/kg with a high TM of 36.64% experienced a mass reduction of 90.12%. In contrast, 7,100 kcal/kg coal with a lower TM of 6.80% proved more stable and experienced a mass loss of 71.82%. Technical recommendations to minimize spontaneous combustion include modifying stockpile geometry, layered compaction, storage segmentation, periodic stockpile clearing, and preparing proper base and drainage systems.

The Effect of Support Groups on Social Support and Psychological Well-Being Among Young People Living with HIV in Inti Muda West Java

2026-08-06T14:22:02+00:00

Young people living with HIV face significant psychosocial challenges that require effective interventions such as support groups. However, to date, there has been no simultaneous quantitative empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of such interventions within community-based organizations in Indonesia. Therefore, the novelty of this study lies in its integrative examination of the impact of structured support groups on social support and psychological well-being specifically among the Inti Muda community in West Java. This one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study involved participants aged 18–35 years who were selected through purposive sampling. The intervention consisted of five structured sessions over five weeks that integrated peer support, psychoeducation, and Yalom’s therapeutic factors. Measurements were taken using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale. Analysis results showed a significant increase in the mean pre- and post-intervention scores for social support and psychological well-being (p = 0.043). In conclusion, the support group proved to be effective, and these findings provide an important foundation for the development of structured, community-based psychosocial interventions aimed at improving the quality of life for young people living with HIV.

Perbandingan Kinerja Model Transformer dan LSTM dalam Prediksi Tingkat Pemahaman Siswa terhadap Materi Pembelajaran Digital

2026-08-08T21:14:38+00:00

The rapid adoption of digital learning platforms has generated large volumes of student interaction data that can be utilized to predict students' comprehension levels and support timely educational interventions. This study aims to compare the performance of the Transformer and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models in predicting students' comprehension of digital learning materials. A quantitative comparative experimental approach was employed using student activity data collected from a Learning Management System (LMS). Data preprocessing included cleaning, normalization, sequence generation, and feature selection using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to identify the most relevant features before model training. Model performance was evaluated using Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-Score on the same testing dataset. The results indicate that the Transformer model outperformed LSTM across all evaluation metrics, achieving an accuracy of 92.3% and an F1-Score of 92.0%, while LSTM achieved an accuracy of 88.5% and an F1-Score of 87.9%. These findings demonstrate that the self-attention mechanism enables the Transformer model to capture complex relationships among learning features more effectively than LSTM. Therefore, the Transformer model is recommended for developing adaptive learning systems capable of accurately predicting student comprehension and supporting early academic intervention.

Resepsi Sivitas Akademik terhadap Kampanye Pengelolaan Sampah pada Akun Instagram @banksampah.upnvj

2026-08-08T21:14:21+00:00

This study analyzes the reception of the academic community at UPN "Veteran" Jakarta (UPNVJ) toward the waste management campaign conducted through the Instagram account @banksampah.upnvj. Employing a qualitative approach with a reception study method, this research operationalizes Stuart Hall's encoding-decoding model to map the meaning-making positions of six informants representing three layers of the academic community: lecturers, students, and educational and cleaning staff. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews using a content stimulus technique. The results showed that three informants (50%) were in the dominant-hegemonic reading position, two informants (33.3%) were in the negotiated reading position, and one informant (16.7%) was in a position approaching a negotiated-oppositional reading. These findings indicate that the UPNVJ Waste Bank Instagram campaign successfully built message legitimacy among the cleaning staff and some directly involved students. However, it has not been able to evenly reach all layers of the academic community, particularly lecturers and educational staff who remained unexposed to the account. Effective environmental communication requires a multi-platform strategy that extends beyond the boundaries of the Instagram ecosystem.

Analisis Keterbatasan Kebijakan Pengelolaan Sampah Makanan di Jakarta: Pembelajaran dari Praktik Food Rescue FoodCycle Indonesia

2026-08-08T21:14:03+00:00

Food waste is the largest contributor to municipal solid waste in Jakarta. Data from Indonesia's National Waste Management Information System (SIPSN) in 2023 indicate that food waste accounted for 49.87% of the city's total waste generation, equivalent to approximately 1,566,740 tons annually. Food waste management by the Jakarta Provincial Government has largely relied on a technocratic, end-of-pipe approach, while upstream prevention strategies, such as food rescue and food redistribution, have yet to be explicitly incorporated into local policies. This study aims to examine the limitations of Jakarta's current food waste management policies and to explore the role of community-based innovation through the food rescue and redistribution practices implemented by FoodCycle Indonesia as an alternative strategy for reducing urban food waste. A qualitative case study approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, document analysis, and a review of relevant policies issued by the Jakarta Provincial Government. The findings reveal that FoodCycle has developed a food rescue and redistribution model that remains outside the formal municipal waste management system. Its activities include rescuing edible surplus food, redistributing it to vulnerable communities, and fostering cross-sector collaboration among businesses, social organizations, and volunteers. Throughout 2024, FoodCycle rescued approximately 160 tons of edible surplus food, distributed it to 63,431 beneficiaries, and prevented an estimated 596,112 kg of CO2 emissions. These findings demonstrate that community-based food banking innovation not only contributes to reducing food waste but also has the potential to serve as a complementary governance model within Jakarta's urban food waste management system.

Error Analysis of Grammatical Errors in Junior High School Students’ Recount Text Writing

2026-08-08T21:13:46+00:00

Writing in English is a crucial ability in the modern, globalized society. English, one of the most popular languages in the world, is essential for communication, commerce, education, and technology. Writing well in English enables people to communicate with people from another country, share information, and clearly convey ideas. For EFL (English Foreign Language) learners, mastering English grammar is still a major issue, especially in settings where English is not used for daily communication. This study looks at grammatical error and most common grammatical errors in the recount texts written by SMP VIP Asy-Syafi’iyyah Purworejo students. This study differs from previous studies by focusing on a pesantren-based school context. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method in analyzing the errors based on Burt, Dulay, and Krashen on Surface Strategy Taxonomy. The data sources of this research are the recount texts created by 18 seventh-grade students of SMP VIP Asy-Syafi’iyyah Purworejo. The results of this research found 242 grammatical errors: omission (19%), addition (9%), misformation (69%), and misordering (3%) Misformation was the most dominant error. The finding suggests that English teachers in pesantren-based schools should focus more on verb tense instruction to mitigate misunderstanding in written English communication.

Peningkatan Kemampuan Tact Anak dengan Autism Spectrum Disorder melalui Media Flash Card

2026-08-08T21:13:32+00:00

This study aims to analyze improvements in tact skills in a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) using flashcards. Communication barriers in children with ASD often manifest as difficulties in establishing a connection between environmental stimuli and appropriate verbal responses. The study subject was a 12-year-old sixth grader with ASD, identified by the initials FA. The research method used was Single Subject Research (SSR) with an A-B design. Data were collected through direct observation and analyzed using visual analysis techniques. The results showed a significant improvement in tact skills in subject FA. The baseline phase (A) showed a low and stable skill level with an average score of 22.0 and a flat trend. The intervention administered during phase (B) resulted in a surge in performance, with the average score increasing to 67.0 and showing a consistently upward trend. An analysis of the conditions revealed an immediate change of +40 points with a data overlap percentage of 0%. These findings demonstrate that flashcards are effective as a concrete visual aid.

Professional Appearance dalam Suatu Budaya Organisasi: Seberapa Krusial untuk Kesuksesan Karir

2026-08-10T17:42:50+00:00

This qualitative study explores the role of professional appearance within organizational culture and its impact on career success and personal branding. Unlike previous research, this study analyzes professional appearance and its influence across various sectors and professions—ranging from services and commerce to manufacturing, from hoteliers, bank frontliners, PR professional, marketing people, to lawyer. Involving ten informants from diverse industries, the study finds that professional appearance is described differently and is crucial for career success of those client-facing roles but is considered less important for positions that do not involve direct external interaction. Appearance standards vary from formal to smart casual, reflecting unique organizational values. Despite a post-pandemic shift in styles, managing one's appearance remains vital for establishing credibility and self-confidence. The findings indicate that employees generally accept appearance regulations, with attitude and non-verbal communication serving as key elements in impression management and career success.

Penggunaan Media Sosial oleh Anak di Bawah Umur di Kota Palangka Raya Perspektif Maqashid Syariah

2026-08-10T17:58:33+00:00

The use of social media by minors continues to increase along with the development of digital technology and has various implications for the development of religion, intellect, spirit, character, and social behavior of children. This research aims to analyze the use of social media by minors from the perspective of maqashid sharia. This research uses a qualitative method with an empirical-normative approach. Data were obtained thru semi-structured interviews with ten children aged 12–15 years and five teachers in the city of Palangka Raya, selected using purposive sampling techniques, and then analyzed thru data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing with a maqashid syariah approach. The research results show that social media provides benefits as a means of obtaining information, learning, and communication. However, it was found that 7 out of 10 children experienced a decrease in learning concentration and often lost track of time, 6 out of 10 used social media while studying, 5 out of 10 had delayed prayers, all respondents had been exposed to content contrary to religious teachings, 8 out of 10 had seen negative content, 4 out of 10 imitated behaviors seen on social media, and 6 out of 10 showed tendencies toward consumerist behavior. This shows that the use of social media has more negative impacts on underage children. These findings are reinforced by interviews with teachers who state that uncontrolled use of social media affects students' discipline, behavior, social interaction, and academic performance. This research emphasizes that the assessment of social media within the framework of maqashid syariah is determined by the purpose of its use and the impact it has on the welfare of children.

Utilization of AI Chat Bot as a Chemistry Learning System on Atomic Structure to Improve Students' Understanding of Concepts: Systematic Review

2026-08-10T19:07:25+00:00

This study aims to analyze the role and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbots in chemistry learning at the high school level, particularly in strengthening understanding of abstract concepts such as atomic structure. This study uses a systematic literature review approach to 18 relevant scientific articles from 2016 to 2026 originating from reputable international journals, preprints, and empirical research results in the fields of educational technology and chemistry education. The results of the study indicate that the use of AI chatbots in high school chemistry learning can be grouped into two main categories: studies that focus on the development of AI-based learning systems and studies that emphasize the implementation of chatbots as learning aids such as virtual tutors, concept exploration agents, simulation media, and scientific writing support. In general, AI chatbots have been proven to improve student learning motivation, understanding of chemical concepts, critical thinking skills, and independent learning skills. However, several limitations were also found, such as inaccurate information, hallucination phenomena, lack of adaptation to the high school pedagogical context, and the risk of student dependence on AI technology. Specifically for atomic structure, there has been no research specifically and in-depth on the implementation of AI chatbots, leaving a significant research gap. Therefore, the development of a more contextual, targeted, and tailored AI chatbot-based chemistry learning model is needed, tailored to the characteristics of high school students.

Public art in urban space as a tool for spatial justice: Building inclusive cities through the public art project “Ziarah Utara”

2026-08-10T21:13:47+00:00

Rapid urban growth and a development paradigm centered on economic expansion have turned urban space into an arena of competing interests among the state, capital, and citizens. In the context of Jakarta, the northern coastal area has become one of the most vulnerable spaces, experiencing social exclusion, ecological degradation, and the erasure of collective memory due to large-scale development projects. This paper examines how public art can function as a medium for articulating urban issues, producing alternative knowledge, and serving as a practice of urban spatial advocacy. By focusing on the public art project Ziarah Utara by Irwan Ahmett and Tita Salina, this research employs a participatory qualitative approach using a case study method in Kampung Dadap, a coastal area threatened by reclamation. Research-based public art practices such as Ziarah Utara hold significant potential to expand the discourse of urban planning toward a more inclusive, democratic, and spatially just city. More specifically, the process of producing and screening The Last Fisherwoman, culminating in a fundraising campaign to construct a community toilet facility, functioned as an instrument of spatial justice through the production of knowledge, community empowerment, spatial advocacy, and the mobilization of collective action.